On the Nones, she was honored as Juno Covella, Juno of the crescent moon. The Kalends of every month, when according to the lunar calendar the new moon occurred, was sacred to Juno, as all Ides were to Jupiter. Nothing else is known about the temple, and it is unclear what Varro meant. Īs Noctiluna ("Night-Shiner") Luna had a temple on the Palatine Hill, which Varro described as shining or glowing by night. The Aventine temple may have been destroyed by the Great Fire of Rome during the reign of Nero. In 84 BC, it was struck by lightning, the same day the popularist leader Cinna was murdered by his troops. It first appears in Roman literature in the story of how in 182 BC a windstorm of exceptional power blew off its doors, which crashed into the Temple of Ceres below it on the slope. The anniversary of the temple founding ( dies natalis) was celebrated annually on March 31. Titus Tatius was supposed to have imported the cult of Luna to Rome from the Sabines, but Servius Tullius was credited with the creation of the Temple of Luna on the Aventine Hill, just below a temple of Diana. The Romans dated the cultivation of Luna as a goddess at Rome to the semi-legendary days of the kings. In this list, Luna is distinguished from both Diana and Juno, who also appear on it.
Varro also lists Luna among twenty principal gods of Rome ( di selecti). Varro lists Luna among twelve deities who are vital to agriculture, as does Vergil in a different list of twelve, in which he refers to Luna and Sol as clarissima mundi lumina, the world's clearest sources of light. Ox-drawn biga of Luna on the Parabiago plate (ca. The myth of Endymion, for instance, was a popular subject for Roman wall painting. In Roman art and literature, myths of Selene are adapted under the name of Luna. In Imperial cult, Sol and Luna can represent the extent of Roman rule over the world, with the aim of guaranteeing peace. She was one of the deities Macrobius proposed as the secret tutelary of Rome. Varro categorized Luna and Sol among the visible gods, as distinguished from invisible gods such as Neptune, and deified mortals such as Hercules. In the Carmen Saeculare, performed in 17 BC, Horace invokes her as the "two-horned queen of the stars" ( siderum regina bicornis), bidding her to listen to the girls singing as Apollo listens to the boys. In Roman art, Luna attributes are the crescent moon plus the two-yoke chariot ( biga). Luna is not always a distinct goddess, but sometimes rather an epithet that specializes a goddess, since both Diana and Juno are identified as moon goddesses. Luna is also sometimes represented as an aspect of the Roman triple goddess ( diva triformis), along with Proserpina and Hecate.
She is often presented as the female complement of the Sun, Sol, conceived of as a god. In ancient Roman religion and myth, Luna is the divine embodiment of the Moon (Latin Lūna ).
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